Other effects of insecticidetreated nets measured in the same area, e. Other effects of insecticide treated nets measured in the same area, e. Compare the cost effectiveness benefits of anti malarials and rapid diagnostic testing against insecticide treated nets, indoor residual spraying and microscopy content 1. Costeffectiveness of social marketing of insecticide. Several studies have evaluated the costs and costeffectiveness of. Insecticidetreated nets itns are an effective and costeffective means. Recent studies have suggested that the rise of pyrethroid resistance may undermine the effectiveness of nets.
The most efficient package in a given setting varies depending on whether disease reduction or elimination is the target. Mthembu, j gumedecomparison of the cost and costeffectiveness of insecticidetreated bednets and. Kyalo research project submitted to the school of economics, university of nairobi, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of arts in economics. Pdf to evaluate the costeffectiveness of the first nationwide delivery of long lasting insecticidetreated nets llitns as part of the 2004. Background while insecticidetreated nets itns are a recognized effective method for preventing malaria, there has been an extensive debate in recent years about the best largescale implementation strategy. Pdf costs and costeffectiveness of vector control in. The insecticides that are used for treating bed nets kill mosquitoes, as well as other insects.
Llins provide effective insecticide protection for at least three years while conventional nets must be retreated every 612 months. Efficacy, safety and cost of insecticide treated wall lining, insecticide treated bed nets and indoor wall wash with lime for visceral leishmaniasis vector control in the indian subcontinent. Effectiveness and cost of insecticidetreated bed nets and indoor residual spraying for the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The analysis compared the relative cost and costeffectiveness of distribution. The importance of insecticidetreated nets sleeping under an insecticidetreated net itn is the most widely adopted preventive measure against malaria. Design a mathematical modelling and costeffectiveness study. It is not known whether treated mosquito nets can control malaria better than ddt indoor residual spraying. Bed nets form a protective barrier around people sleeping under them. An innovation of our model is that we also considered. Largescale implementation of disease control programmes.
Itns are effective because in the majority of malariaendemic regions of the world, the female mosquito that transmits malaria only bites at night. Interventions the analysis considers the introduction and scale. Research open access costeffectiveness analysis of. Costeffectiveness of social marketing of insecticidetreated nets for malaria control in the united republic of tanzania. The world health organization recommends that national malaria programmes universally distribute longlasting insecticidetreated bed nets. Malaria is a leading cause of death and disease worldwide. Costs and costeffectiveness of vector control in eritrea. Costing the distribution of insecticide treated nets. With these caveats, rts,s is somewhat less costeffective than longlasting insecticidetreated nets, which are regarded as one of the most costeffective interventions available for malaria control.
Scaling up insecticidetreated netting programmes in africa pdf, 338kb. While insecticidetreated nets itns are a recognized effective method for preventing malaria, there has been an extensive debate in recent years about the best largescale implementation strategy. An insecticidetreated net is a mosquito net that repels, disables andor kills mosquitoes coming into contact with insecticide on the netting material. Impact of cotrimoxazole and insecticidetreated nets for. Analysis of the cost of malaria in children and use of insecticidea. Estimating the most efficient allocation of interventions. Evidence shows that in malariaendemic areas, sleeping under mosquito nets treated with an insecticide is beneficial to the health of the pregnant woman, her fetus and the newborn infant. Longlasting insecticidetreated nets are generally the most costeffective first intervention to achieve either goal, with seasonal malaria chemoprevention or indoor residual spraying added second depending on seasonality and vector species. Insecticidetreated bed netslonglasting insecticidal nets. Combination of indoor residual spraying with longlasting. Effectiveness and cost of insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying for the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Pdf costing the distribution of insecticidetreated nets. Objectives to evaluate the relative costeffectiveness of introducing the rts,s malaria vaccine in subsaharan africa compared with further scaleup of existing interventions. However, bed nets treated with an insecticide are much more protective than untreated nets. Despite the vast expansion of vector control implementation, relatively few studies have examined the key economic. The outcomes were limited to mortality averted through the use of treated nets. An innovation of our model is that we also considered the replenishment need i. In the llin study arm, 95% of inhabitants lived in houses which received bed nets. The authors concluded that the programme was costeffective. The objective was to assess the cost and costeffectiveness of a national programme to provide insecticidetreated nets, to people in eritrea, africa, for the prevention of malaria. Costeffectiveness of itns in the prevention of malaria has also been amply demonstrated in a variety of settings 35. Information on insecticidetreated bed nets and their use to prevent malaria. Introduction there have been many academic studies and analyses of malaria interventions and their cost effectiveness.
Effectiveness and cost of insecticidetreated bed nets and. Itns and in particular longlasting insecticidal nets llins, represent a cost. Cost and cost effectiveness of longlasting insecticidetreated bed nets. Vector control generally and insecticidetreated nets itns specifically have been identified as effective and cost effective methods for the prevention of malaria related mortality and morbidity in subsaharan africa ssa. The world health organization recommends that national malaria programmes universally distribute longlasting insecticidetreated bed nets llins. Insecticidetreated nets itns are effective in substantially reducing malaria. Pmi vectorworks social and behavior change for insecticidetreated nets 2019 toolkit pdf, 7. Pdf to evaluate the costeffectiveness of the first nationwide delivery of longlasting insecticidetreated nets llitns as part of the 2004. Vouchers for scaling up insecticidetreated nets in. Christian lengeler, public health and epidemiology.
Llins may also promise longer physical durability lifespan, but at a higher unit price. The effectiveness of insecticidetreated nets and indoor residual spraying in reducing malaria morbidity and child mortality in subsaharan africa. The cdc foundations bed nets for children program helps the centers for disease control and prevention cdc teams purchase and distribute insecticidetreated bed nets to help protect children and families from malaria. The results of studies completed in 2000 and 2001 confirm and supplement the findings of the major studies of the 1990s to evaluate the impact of itns. Distribution of insecticidetreated nets itns, aims to protect individuals from bites by infected mosquitoes, which transmit the disease. To evaluate the costeffectiveness of the first nationwide delivery of longlasting insecticidetreated nets llitns as part of the 2004 measles. Kern et al, 38 in a study rated level 1, reported the effectiveness, cost, and costeffectiveness of providing llins and pointofuse water filters to artnaive hivinfected adults and their family members.
Comparative cost analysis of insecticidetreated net delivery. A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a. Pdf costeffectiveness analysis of insecticidetreated net. Modelling the costeffectiveness of introducing the rts,s. The study reporting was satisfactory, but lacked detail in some areas.
Costing the distribution of insecticidetreated nets. Research open access cost and cost effectiveness of long. Implementation costs and cost effectiveness are important elements to consider when planning itn programmes, but so far little information on these aspects is available from national programmes. Thus, we have compared the costeffectiveness of lamb. There can be no doubt about the effectiveness of insecticidetreated mosquito nets itns. The costeffectiveness of insecticidetreated nets itns in reducing morbidity and mortality is now well established 1, 2. Itn distribution has a strong track record of significantly reducing mortality in both repeated, randomized controlled trials and in largerscale, countrylevel distribution efforts. Cost and cost effectiveness of longlasting insecticide. Costeffectiveness analysis of insecticidetreated net. Cost effectiveness of itns in the prevention of malaria has also been amply demonstrated in a variety of settings 35. The study assessed the costeffectiveness of a nationwide programme in togo to deliver longlasting insecticidetreated bed nets to prevent malaria in children aged nine months to five years. Malaria prevention through insecticide treated nets. Pdf cost and cost effectiveness of longlasting insecticidetreated. New rts,s malaria vaccines may soon be licensed, yet its costeffectiveness is unknown.
Insecticidetreated bed nets and curtains for preventing. Longlasting insecticidal nets are designed to maintain their effectiveness against mosquitoes that carry malaria and other diseases for at least three years. Public health impact and costeffectiveness of the rts,s. Itns are effective because in the majority of malariaendemic regions of the world, the. Interventions free or lowcost insecticidetreated nets were provided to the highrisk and the general population in eritrea, via antenatal clinics and community. There is conflicting evidence on the public health impact and costeffectiveness of combining longlasting insecticidetreated nets llins and indoor residual spraying irs for malaria control, and little information on the impact on insecticide resistance, particularly with novel irs active ingredients. Insecticidetreated nets itns are the most powerful malaria control tool to be developed since the advent of indoor residual spraying irs and chloroquine in the 1940s, and as such they have been an important component of global and national malaria control policies since the mid1990s. Sleeping under an insecticide treated net itn is the most widely adopted preventive measure against malaria. Costeffectiveness analysis of vaccinating children in malawi with rts,s vaccines in comparison with longlasting insecticidetreated nets mikyung kelly seo1, peter baker1 and karen ngoclan ngo2 abstract background. Efficacy, safety and cost of insecticide treated wall. Insecticidetreated nets itns are an effective tool for the prevention of morbidity and mortality caused by malaria and other vectorborne diseases.
Costeffectiveness analysis of insecticidetreated net distribution as. Strategies for delivering insecticidetreated nets at. Increasing itn coverage is therefore seen as a valuable means to progress towards the millenium development goals, and has received political attention through the. The present challenge is to scaleup and sustain coverage with itns. Insecticidetreated mosquito nets itns are an effective and costeffective intervention to reduce child mortality and maternal anaemia where malaria imposes an important disease burden 16. Because of the delay in delivery of llins for the trial, during the first intervention year of the study, a combination of llins and itns was distributed during june 2010. Insecticide treated nets itns are an effective tool for the prevention of morbidity and mortality caused by malaria and other vectorborne diseases.
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